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| 1Edgar Degas 1865 Édouard Manet, Seated, Holding his Hat graphite and black chalk on move paper 33.1 x 23 cm Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York |
Édouard Manet (1832 – 1883) was a French painter. He was one of the first 19th century artists to paint modern life, and was a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism. His early masterworks “Le déjeuner sur l’herbe” (The luncheon on the Grass) and “Olympia”, both painted in 1863, caused great controversy and served as rallying points for the young painters who would create Impressionism. Today, these are considered watershed paintings that mark the genesis of modern art.
This is part 3 of a 9 – part post on the works of Édouard Manet. For full biographical notes see part 1. For earlier works see parts 1 - 2 also.
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| 1864-68c Sailing Ships at Sea oil on canvas 34 x 55.8 cm Cleveland Museum of Art, Ohio |
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| 1864c Basket of Fruits oil on canvas 37.8 x 44.4 cm Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA |
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| 1864c Branch of White Peonies, with Pruning Shears oil on canvas 31.1 x 46.4 cm Musée d'Orsay, Paris |
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| 1864c Departure of the Folkstone Boat - The Large Study oil on canvas 62 x 100.5 cm Private Collection |
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| 1865 Angelina oil on canvas 92 x 72 cm Musée d'Orsay, Paris |
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| 1865 Jesus Mocked by the Soldiers oil on canvas 190.8 x 148.3 cm Art Institute of Chicago, IL |
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| 1865 Monk at Prayer oil on canvas 146 x 115 cm Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA |
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| 1865 Portrait of Félix Bracquémond lift-ground etching with plate tone on ivory laid paper 16 x 10.4 cm (image) Art Institute of Chicago, IL |
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| 1865 Women at the Races oil on canvas 42.2 x 32.1 cm Cincinnati Art Museum, OH |
1865-66 Bullfight
Manet’s trip to Spain in 1865 lasted only about ten days, though it had a profound impact on him. In a letter to his friend the poet Charles Baudelaire, he described a bullfight he attended in Madrid as “one of the finest, most curious and terrifying sights to be seen.” He made quick sketches there that informed several later canvases, including this one. Here he presented the moment of truth, as bullfighter and bull face one another; a gored horse lies dead or dying in the sand.
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| 1865-66 Bullfight oil on canvas 48 x 60.4 cm Art Institute of Chicago, IL |
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| 1865-66 Bullfight oil on canvas 90.2 x 109.9 cm Musée d'Orsay, Paris |
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| 1865c The Dead Toreador oil on canvas 75.9 x 153.3 cm National Gallery of Art, Washington DC |
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| 1867-68 Dead Toreador etching and aquatint on blue laid paper from the 1905 Strölin edition 15.2 x 22.4 cm (image) Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York |
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| 1865 The Bullfight watercolour over graphite 19.2 x 21.4 cm J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA |
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| 1865-66 Marine etching, aquatint, roulette and bitten tone in brown ink on laid paper 14 x 20 cm (plate) Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York |
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| 1865-67 Beggar with a Duffle Coat (Philosopher) oil on canvas 187.7 x 109.9 cm Art Institute of Chicago, IL |
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| 1865-67 Beggar with Oysters (Philosopher) oil on canvas 187.3 x 108 cm Art Institute of Chicago, IL |
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| 1865-66 The Philosopher etching and drypoint on blue laid paper from the 1905 Strölin edition 31.8 x 23.5 cm Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York |
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| 1865-68 At the Prado etching and aquatint 22.4 x 15.5 cm (plate) National Gallery of Art, Washington DC |
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| 1865-68 At the Prado etching and aquatint 22.4 x 15.5 cm (plate) National Gallery of Art, Washington DC |
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| 1865-73c The Reading 61 x 74.3 cm Musée d'Orsay, Paris |
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| 1865c Madame Brunet oil on canvas 132 x 99.5 cm Private Collection |
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| 1865c Spanish Woman with a Black Cross oil on canvas 61 x 50 cm Private Collection |
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| 1866 Portrait of Zacharie Astruc oil on canvas 90.2 x 116.2 cm |
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| 1866 The Fife Player oil on canvas 160 x 97 cm Paris, Musée d'Orsay © RMN-Grand Palais (Musée d'Orsay) |
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| 1866 The Rabbit etching, drypoint, and bitten tone on laid paper 13.5 x 10.2 cm (plate) Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York |
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| 1866 The Races at Longchamp oil on canvas 43.9 x 84.5 cm Art Institute of Chicago, IL |
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| 1866 The Tragic Actor (Rouvière as Hamlet) oil on canvas 187.2 x 108.1 cm National Gallery of Art, Washington DC |
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| 1866 The Tragic Actor; Rouvière in the Role of Hamlet etching on blue laid paper from the 1905 Strölin edition 36.5 x 21.7 cm (plate) Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York |
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| 1866 Young Lady with a Parrot oil on canvas 185.1 x 128.6 cm Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York |
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| 1866-67 A Matador oil on canvas 171.1 x 113 cm Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York |
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| 1866-67 The Smoker etching on blue laid paper from 1905 Strölin edition 17.3 x 14.8 cm (plate) Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York |
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| 1879-82 The Smoker etching and drypoint on blue laid paper from 1905 Strölin edition 23.2 x 15.2 cm (plate) Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York |
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| 1866c A King Charles Spaniel oil on linen 46 x 38 cm National Gallery of Art, Washington DC |
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| 1866c Still Life with Melon and Peaches oil on canvas 68.3 x 91 cm National Gallery of Art, Washington DC |
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| 1867 Henri Fantin-Latour oil on canvas 117.5 x 90 cm Art Institute of Chicago, IL |
1867-68 The Execution of Emporer Maximilian
In 1863 the Austrian, Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian, was installed in Mexico as a puppet Emporer by Napoleon III. He was dependent on the support of the occupying French army, and when Napoleon withdrew his troops, Maximilian was captured by Mexican forces loyal to the legitimate Republican government. He was executed alongside two of his generals on 19 June 1867.
The left-hand section of the canvas showing General Mejía was probably cut off by Manet himself. After the artist’s death the canvas was cut up into smaller fragments, some of which were sold separately. Edgar Degas eventually purchased all the surviving fragments and reassembled them on a single canvas.
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| 1867-68 The Execution of Maximilian oil on canvas 193 x 284 cm The National Gallery, London |
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| 1867 The Execution of Maximilian oil on canvas 253.4 x 304.8 cm Kunsthalle Mannheim, Germany |
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| 1867 The Execution of the Emperor Maximillian (final sketch for Mannhein piece) oil on canvas 48 x 58 cm Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen |
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| 1868 The Execution of the Emperor Maximilian lithograph on chine collée 34 x 43.8 cm (image) Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York |
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| 1867 The Execution of the Emperor Maximilian oil on canvas 196.2 x 259.7 cm Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA |
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| 1867c The Funeral oil on canvas 72.7 x 90.5 cm Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York |
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| 1868 Emile Zola oil on canvas 146.5 x 114 cm Musée d'Orsay, Paris © RMN-Grand Palais (Musée d'Orsay |
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| 1868 Exotic Flower etching and aquatint on laid paper 17.3 x 11.4 cm (plate) Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York |
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| 1868 Le déjeuner oil on canvas 118.3 x 154 cm Neue Pinakothek, Munich |
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| 1868 Madame Manet at the Piano oil on canvas 38 x 46.5 cm Musée d'Orsay, Paris |
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| 1868 Odalisque etching and aquatint in brown on ivory wove paper 12.2 x 19.2 cm (image) Art Institute of Chicago, IL |
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